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11.
Essawy Amina E. sherif Soheir S. El Osman Gamalat Y. Morshedy Rehab M. El Al-Nasser Abir S. Sheir Sherin K. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(11):15800-15815
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nanoparticle (NP) pollution is a worldwide problem. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are one of the most used NPs in a variety of applications,... 相似文献
12.
Droplet adhesion, spreading, and retention on leaf and seed surfaces are studied in the presence of surfactants for successful formulation of a herbicide whereby efficient coverage, less wastage, and environment protection are achieved. Cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants, e.g., HTAB, SDBS, and tergitol, were added to water and the static contact angle of water droplet was measured on cauliflower, cabbage, spinach leaves, French bean, wheat, and Bengal gram seeds. Droplet adhesion, spreading, and retention were analysed in terms of static contact angle and physical properties of the system. The presence of a small quantity (0.1 wt.%) of tergitol in water increased the adhesion, spreading, and retention of droplet on all leaf and seed surfaces tested. Tergitol, a nonionic surfactant, is likely to be adsorbed more than the ionic surfactants HTAB and SDBS at the water/leaf (or seed)/air interface since plant leaves and seeds are nonionic in nature. The addition of 0.1% wt. of tergitol to a common herbicide, derosal, increases the adhesion, spreading, and retention of derosal on leaf and seed surfaces, consequently, efficient coverage and minimum wastage are attained. 相似文献
13.
Assessing the impacts of partial mass depletion in DNAPL source zones I. Analytical modeling of source strength functions and plume response 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Analytical solutions are developed for approximating the time-dependent contaminant discharge from DNAPL source zones undergoing dissolution and other decay processes. The source functions assume a power relationship between source mass and chemical discharge and can consider partial DNAPL source remediation (depletion) at any time after the initial DNAPL release. The source functions are used as a time-dependent boundary condition in an idealized chemical transport model to develop leading order approximations of the plume response to DNAPL source removal. The results suggest that partial DNAPL remediation does not tend to have a dramatic impact on the maximum extent of the plume if very low concentration values are used to define the plume boundaries. However, the solutions show that partial DNAPL removal from the source zone is likely to lead to large reductions in plume concentrations and mass, and it reduces the longevity of the plume. When the mass discharge from the source zone is linearly related to the DNAPL mass, it is shown that partial DNAPL depletion leads to linearly proportional reductions in the plume mass and concentrations. 相似文献
14.
In large-eddy simulations of atmospheric boundary layer turbulence, the lumped coefficient in the eddy-diffusion subgrid-scale
(SGS) model is known to depend on scale for the case of inert scalars. This scale dependence is predominant near the surface.
In this paper, a scale-dependent dynamic SGS model for the turbulent transport of reacting scalars is implemented in large-eddy
simulations of a neutral boundary layer. Since the model coefficient is computed dynamically from the dynamics of the resolved
scales, the simulations are free from any parameter tuning. A set of chemical cases representative of various turbulent reacting
flow regimes is examined. The reactants are involved in a first-order reaction and are injected in the atmospheric boundary
layer with a constant and uniform surface flux. Emphasis is placed on studying the combined effects of resolution and chemical
regime on the performance of the SGS model. Simulations with the scale-dependent dynamic model yield the expected trends of
the coefficients as function of resolution, position in the flow and chemical regime, leading to resolution-independent turbulent
reactant fluxes. 相似文献
15.
Igor Linkov Sankar Basu Cathleen Fisher Nancy Jackson Adam C. Jones Maija M. Kuklja Benjamin D. Trump 《The Environmentalist》2016,36(4):331-334
Technology innovation is an increasingly globalized exercise with dramatic consequences for scientific and diplomatic goals alike, and requires enhanced participation and integration of scientists and science-minded diplomats within diplomatic missions to advance shared policy goals. This more general problem is addressed in the present article by focusing on recent collaborations between U.S. and German scientists, including several of the coauthors. 相似文献
16.
Monal Dutta Jayanta Kumar Basu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(5):3322-3330
The adsorption of Pb(II) onto the surface of microwave-assisted activated carbon was studied through a two-layer feedforward neural network. The activated carbon was developed by microwave activation of Acacia auriculiformis scrap wood char. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray difractometer. In the present study, the input variables for the proposed network were solution pH, contact time, initial adsorbate concentration, adsorbent dose and temperature, whereas the output variable was the percent Pb(II) removal. The network had been trained by using different algorithms and based on the lowest mean squared error (MSE) value and validation error, resilient backpropagation algorithm with 12 neurons in the hidden layer was selected for the present investigation. The tan sigmoid and purelin transfer function were used in the hidden and the output layers of the proposed network, respectively. The model predicted and experimental values of the percent Pb(II) removal were also compared and both the values were found to be in reasonable agreement with each other. The performance of the developed network was further improved by normalizing the experimental data set and it was found that after normalization, the MSE and validation error were reduced significantly. The sensitivity analysis was also performed to determine the most significant input parameter. 相似文献
17.
Niladri Basu Anton Scheuhammer Kirsti Rouvinen-Watt Nicole Grochowina Douglas Evans Hing Man Chan 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,162(1-4):377-386
Studies are increasingly using cholinergic parameters as biomarkers of early neurotoxicity, but few have characterized this system in ecologically relevant model organisms. In the present study, key neurochemicals in the cholinergic pathway were measured and analyzed from discrete parts of brain and blood from captive mink (Mustela vison). Similar to other mammals, the regional distribution of cholinergic parameters in the brain could be ranked from highest to lowest as: basal ganglia > occipital cortex > brain stem > cerebellum (F 3,192?=?172.1, p?<?0.001). Higher variation in cholinergic parameters was found in the cerebellum (coefficient of variation = 34.9%), and the least variation was measured in the brain stem (19.7%). Variation was also assessed by calculating the difference between the lowest and highest measures among individual animals: choline acetyltransferase (1.6× fold difference), cholinesterase (2.0×), muscarinic receptor levels (2.4×), acetylcholine (3.7×), nicotinic receptor levels (3.9×), and choline transporter (5.0×). In blood samples, activity and inter-individual variation of cholinesterase was highest in whole blood and lowest in plasma and serum. By using captive mink of a common genetic source, age, gender, and rearing conditions, these data help establish normal levels, ranges, and variations of cholinergic biomarkers among brain regions, blood components, and individual animals. Such information may better enable the utility of cholinergic biomarkers in environmental assessments. 相似文献
18.
Kogbara RB Yi Y Al-Tabbaa A 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(8):1286-1296
Purpose
Stabilisation/solidification (S/S) has emerged as an efficient and cost-effective technology for the treatment of contaminated soils. However, the performance of S/S-treated soils is governed by several intercorrelated variables, which complicates the optimisation of the treatment process design. Therefore, it is desirable to develop process envelopes, which define the range of operating variables that result in acceptable performance. 相似文献19.
20.
Integration of traditional and innovative characterization techniques for flux-based assessment of Dense Non-aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) sites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nandita B. Basu P. Suresh C. Rao Irene C. Poyer Subhas Nandy Megharaj Mallavarapu Ravi Naidu Greg B. Davis Bradley M. Patterson Michael D. Annable Kirk Hatfield 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2009,105(3-4):161-172
Key attributes of the source zone and the expanding dissolved plume at a trichloroethene (TCE) site in Australia were evaluated using trends in groundwater monitoring data along with data from on-line volatile organic compound (VOC) samplers and passive flux meters (PFMs) deployed in selected wells. These data indicate that: (1) residual TCE source mass in the saturated zone, estimated using two innovative techniques, is small ( 10 kg), which is also reflected in small source mass discharge ( 3 g/day); (2) the plume is disconnecting, based on TCE concentration contours and TCE fluxes in wells along a longitudinal transect; (3) there is minimal biodegradation, based on TCE mass discharge of 6 g/day at a plume control plane 175 m from source, which is also consistent with aerobic geochemical conditions observed in the plume; and (4) residual TCE in the vadose zone provides episodic inputs of TCE mass to the plume during infiltration/recharge events. TCE flux data also suggest that the small residual TCE source mass is present in the low-permeability zones, thus making source treatment difficult. Our analysis, based on a synthesis of the archived data and new data, suggests that source treatment is unwarranted, and that containment of the large TCE plume ( 1.2 km long, 0.3 km wide; 17 m deep; 2000–2500 kg TCE mass) or institutional controls, along with a long-term flux monitoring program, might be necessary. The flux-based site management approach outlined in this paper provides a novel way of looking beyond the complexities of groundwater contamination in heterogeneous domains, to make intelligent and informed site decisions based on strategic measurement of the appropriate metrics. 相似文献